| How it knows |
Learned from training data |
Derived from accepted axioms |
| Correctness |
Approximate — best guess from patterns |
Checked — every claim verified against its axioms |
| Hallucination |
Inherent — no ground truth |
Every claim traces to a proof; where the axioms don't reach, it abstains |
| Determinism |
Stochastic |
Deterministic — same input, same derivation |
| Traceability |
Opaque weights |
Full proof path back to axioms |
| When wrong |
Confidently wrong, hard to find why |
The failing axiom is named |
| Cross-domain reasoning |
Implicit blending |
Proven connections between domains |
| Missing knowledge |
Doesn't know what it doesn't know |
Detects gaps automatically |